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The study developed a method for the determination of 14 components in Bazibushen capsule by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used and the column temperature was 40℃. A linear gradient elution of eluents A (acetonitrile) and B (0.1% acetic acid) was used for the separation. The source temperature was set at 150℃. The capillary voltage was set at 2.0 kV. The source offset voltage was kept at 50 V. The desolvation temperature was set at 500℃. The desolvation flow was 800 L·h-1. The cone flow was 150 L·h-1. The nebuliser pressure was 7.0 Bar. Multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) is adopted. All of the 14 components showed good linearity (r2 > 0.999 1) in the test ranges. The LOQs for the compounds ranged from 0.11-4.52 ng·mL-1, respectively. The RSDs were 0.8%-2.1%. The overall recoveries were between 97.89% and 101.9% for all compounds. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and highly reproducible, and may be used in the determination of 14 components in Bazibushen capsule.
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A GC-MS-SIM method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 7 coumarins in common cnidium fruit. The 7 bioactive constituents were separated on DB-1 capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) using temperature programming. The interface temperature was set at 280℃; Ion source temperature:250℃; Quadrupole temperature:150℃; EI mode:70 eV; The mass spectrometer detector was in SIM mode; Scan range:50-350 amu. All the 7 marker substances showed good linearity (r2>0.9986) in the test ranges. The LODs and LOQs for the compounds ranged from 1.06 to 10.11 ng ·mL-1 and from 3.21 to 29.88 ng·mL-1, respectively. The overall intra-day (n=6) and inter-day (n=3) RSDs were 0.7%-2.5% and 1.2%-3.3%, respectively. The overall recoveries were between 92.38% and 100.50% for all compounds. This method was simple, rapid, sensitive, with good specificity, and it can provide a reference for the quality control of common cnidium fruit.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter intervention for critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS) and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) in neonates.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From June 2006 to September 2011, 27 neonates including CPS in 19 patients and PA/IVS in 8 patients underwent transcatheter intervention. All patients had membranous stenosis or atresia without severe Ebstein's anomaly and severe right ventricle and pulmonary valve hypoplasia, without right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation in PA/IVS. The mean age was (16.8 ± 9.9) d. The mean weight was (3.3 ± 0.5) kg. Two of them were premature neonates, the weight was 2.3 kg and 2.5 kg, respectively. The procedural success, early outcome, complication rates, midterm results and pulmonary regurgitation were retrospectively studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty-six patients were successfully treated with transcatheter intervention. Right ventricular pressure fell from (112.0 ± 21.0) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (50.4 ± 15.9) mm Hg (P < 0.001). The ratio of right ventricular pressure and aortic pressure fell from 1.7 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001). One patient died early of PA/IVS. Complication occurred in 5 patients. Hemopericardium occurred in 3 patients, tachyarrhythmia in 2 patients. Five patients needed prolonged prostaglandin E(1) infusion for 3 to 14 days because of desaturation after the procedure. No patient needed surgery in neonatal period. At a mean follow-up of (33.5 ± 18.3) months (from 6 months to 5 years), 21 patients had no further transcatheter or surgical intervention. Four patients with CPS had moderate to severe residual pulmonary stenosis after the procedure, 3 of them underwent a second balloon dilation at 3 months of follow-up, the other one was waiting for the second balloon dilation. One patient with PA/IVS was waiting for a bidirectional Glenn procedure because of chronic right ventricular failure. Mild pulmonary regurgitation occurred in 18 patients (69.2%), and moderate pulmonary regurgitation in 8 patients (30.8%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transcatheter intervention for CPS and PA/IVS in neonates is safe and effective. It can avoid neonatal surgery. Some patients may require repeat balloon valvuloplasty in infant period. In most patients surgical or transcatheter intervention could be avoided and mild pulmonary regurgitation was the common finding in midterm follow-up.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Catheterization , Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Defects, Congenital , General Surgery , Pulmonary Atresia , General Surgery , Pulmonary Valve , General Surgery , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis , General Surgery , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 14 children (7 females and 7 males) with ARVC were involved. The cases underwent electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac CT or MRI examinations. All cases were treated with sotalol or amiodarone in combination with propranolol. In 2 cases with drug-refractory ventricular extrasystoles, catheter ablation treatment was performed. In 6 cases with obvious impaired ventricular function, additional pharmacological therapy including vasodilators, diuretics, and digitalis were given.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ventricular extrasystoles occurred in all 14 cases and ventricular tachycardia in 8 cases. Ten cases showed Epsilon wave on electrocardiography. All 14 cases had enlarged right ventricle and reduced right ventricular ejection fraction. CT or MRI examination showed right ventricular dilatation and a thinned wall of right ventricle in 10 cases. Ventricular extrasystoles or tachycardia disappeared in 7 cases and was reduced in 4 cases after treatment. The two children receiving catheter ablation treatment did not present ventricular extrasystoles or tachycardia in a 3-month follow-up. The heart function was improved in the 6 children with obvious impaired ventricular function after pharmacological therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical manifestations are diverse in children with ARVC. A definite diagnosis of ARVC should be based on a combination of electrocardiography and echocardiography examinations. Pharmacological therapy is effective partially. Catheter ablation treatment appears to be a promising option in patients with drug-refractory ventricular extrasystoles.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To develop a PFGE protocol for Streptococcus suis.Methods We developed and optimized a PFGE protocol for S.suis,in terms of plug preparation,choice of restriction endonucleases and optimized electrophoresis parameters.By analyzing the genome sequences of S.suis P1/7 with Mapdraw of DNAStar.we found three restriction enzymes,Swa Ⅰ,Sma Ⅰ and Apa Ⅰ,were more suitable than others.Results Analysis of 100 isolates of S.suis including 34 of 35 serotypes identified,59,53 and 43 patterns were obtained from Swa Ⅰ,Sma Ⅰ and Apa Ⅰ restriction,respectively.The enzyme Swa Ⅰ had the greatest power for discrimination ability.Conclusion By optimization of the protocol at various conditions,a rapid,reproducible,economic and practical PFGE method for S.suis was developed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility of transcatheter intervention for critical pulmonary arterial valve stenosis and atresia with intact ventricular septum in neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2006 to January 2008, 13 neonates (9 with critical pulmonary arterial valve stenosis, 4 with pulmonary arterial valve atresia) underwent transcatheter intervention(one of them was premature neonate). Ten of the patients were boys and 3 were girls. The mean age was (17.4 +/- 10.7) days. The mean weight was (3.4 +/- 0.8) kg. All the patients received prostaglandin E(1) infusion to dilate the ductus arteriosus before and during the procedure. Valvuloplasty was performed using a low-profile balloon (2.5 - 4.0 mm in diameter), and then a balloon approximately 1.0-1.2 times the annulus diameter was applied. In patients with pulmonary atresia, the valve was perforated with a radiofrequency wire, and then valvuloplasty was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve patients (92%) were successfully treated with transcatheter intervention. Right ventricular systolic pressure decreased by 50% [from (120.1 +/- 17.0) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (58.8 +/- 7.7) mm Hg, P < 0.001], and the ratio of the right ventricular systolic pressure to systemic systolic pressure decreased by 44% [from (1.6 +/- 0.2) to (0.9 +/- 0.1), P < 0.001]. The right ventricular angiography showed that the pulmonary valves were opened. The ratio of the balloons to annulus were (1.1 +/- 0.1) (the maximal balloon size range from 6 to 12 mm). The procedure lasted for a mean of (127.5 +/- 32.6) minutes. The duration of fluoroscopy was (25.2 +/- 7.2) minutes. Complications occurred in 4 patients (30%). Hemopericardium occurred in 2 patients, hypoxia in 1 patient and supraventricular tachycardia in 1 patient. One (8%) patient died. The follow-up periods were (7.2 +/- 6.4) months. Three patients had moderate to severe residual pulmonary stenosis. One of them underwent a second balloon dilation at 3 months of follow-up. The other two were waiting for the second dilation. Nine patients had mild to moderate residual pulmonary stenosis. All patients had mild pulmonary regurgitation. Ductus arteriosus was naturally closured in 11 patients, and nearly closured in 1 patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transcatheter intervention for critical pulmonary stenosis and atresia with intact ventricular septum in neonates is safe and effective. Some patients may require repeat balloon valvuloplasty.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Catheterization , Critical Illness , Feasibility Studies , Pulmonary Atresia , Therapeutics , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemiological characteristics of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 and to determine the degree of its genetic relations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and chromosomal DNA digested by restriction enzyme Xba I according to PulseNet directions by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method were applied to 300 E. coli O157 strains isolated from patients and animal sources from 1988 to 2005 from Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Very high prevalence of stx2 gene in EHEC O157:H7 strains isolated from some provinces of China was found and variation existed in some strains. We got 161 PFGE patterns from 300 strains. The stx2-producing strains could be clearly separated from stx2 variation-producing strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The variability of restriction enzyme-digestion patterns of O157 genomes suggested that the presence of some genomic diversity among the strains did exist.</p>